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In the final year of Trump's tenure, China and the US put the trade war on hold by signing their phase-one economic and trade agreement, but the COVID-19 pandemic has brought new challenges to the China–US economic and trade relations. The US trade and economic policies toward China advocated by Trump had to be suspended due to his failure to win the re-election, demonstrating that his economic and trade strategy for China has ended in failure. However, the succeeding Biden administration has not totally abandoned the overall design of Trump's economic and trade policies toward China, and has continued the core policies of imposing additional tariffs on China and maintaining the US economic competitive advantage. After the collision during the Trump administration, the China–US economic and trade relations still show the fundamental characteristics of complementarity and mutual benefit. Under the Biden administration, the renewal of the phase-one economic and trade agreement, the transformation of the economic alliance, the security of the supply chain, the coordination of global economic issues in the post-pandemic era, etc. will become the new focuses of China–US economic and trade relations.

One of the elements that has marked China's rise in the international community is the emergence of its strategic partnerships. Strategic alignments have evolved in a dynamic international context, where cooperation has become more sophisticated and multidimensional. Deriving a conceptual definition is difficult as strategic relations have taken different forms. This research article attempts to complement the conceptual understanding by using a multinomial logistic model to analyse factors influencing China's choice of instrument with its strategic partners. At the level of strategic alignment, China uses three types of networks: strategic partnerships, trade strategic partnerships and comprehensive strategic partnerships. These orientations are not mutually exclusive, but each has its own logic that varies according to the levels of formality, linkage, scope and ideological proximity. Those economies with closer political orientation with China are likely to forge strategic partnerships. Trade strategic partnerships are significantly correlated with a regulatory quality index and are highly likely to be signed with countries within the Asia-Pacific region. Comprehensive strategic partnerships, on the other hand, are established with countries more highly integrated into the globalisation process. In this regard, China has built its strategic network by combining its Soviet legacy with notions of Western institutionalised cooperation. (China/GIGA)

Chapter 1. Introduction -- Part I. China and Latin American Countries Trade Policy -- Chapter 2. Evolution of China's Trade Policy: From the WTO Accession to Preferential Trade Agreements -- Chapter 3. Latin American Countries Trade Policy: Peru, Chile and Costa Rica -- Part II. China's Trade Policy Towards Latin America -- Chapter 4. Development and Assessment of Sino-Latin America and the Caribbean Economic and Trade Cooperation -- Chapter 5. Chinese Export Promotion Policies Towards Latin America: Belt and Road Initiative -- Part III. Assessing China's Trade Impacts in Pacific Alliance Countries -- Chapter 6. Peru-China FTA -- Chapter 7. Costa Rica - China Free Trade Agreement: Analysis of Results for the First 10 Years of the Agreement -- Chapter 8. The Complex Trade Relations Among China, Mexico, and the United States: A Geopolitical Approach -- Part IV. Emerging Agenda -- Chapter 9. Trade Facilitation under the Pacific Alliance Framework: Seaports Case -- Chapter 10. Agricultural Trade and Investments Between Latin America and China: Development, Implications, and Challenges -- Chapter 11. Services and Digital Trade Future Developments -- PART V. Challenges -- Chapter 12. China- LAC Countries' "Belt and Road" Cooperation in the Post- Pandemic Era: BRI in Transformation -- Chapter 13. Challenges in Future China-Latin America and the Caribbean States Relationships.

This book examines China's trade insertion strategy in Latin America. Divided into five parts, the book features scholars from China, Chile, Costa Rica, Peru, and Mexico who present the main actors and dynamics around China's trade policy in the region in twelve carefully selected contributions, with qualitative and quantitative case studies. Highlighting China's important trade presence in Latin America after joining the World Trade Organization (WTO), the book analyzes the effects of free trade agreements China signed with three countries in the region - Chile (2005), Peru (2010), and Costa Rica (2011) - as well as specific preferential agreements with other countries from Latin America. While the first part of this book reviews China and Latin America trade policies, the second part explores China's view of Latin America. In a third part of the book, the contributions provide a deeper look into the trade relations between China and the countries of Peru, Costa Rica, Mexico, and the United States. The fourth part of the volume focuses on the emerging trade agenda between the two regions. Finally, the fifth part of the book discusses the trade challenges between China and Latin American and Caribbean countries. The book will appeal to scholars of international relations, economics, and political science, as well as policy-makers interested in a Chinese and Latin American perspective on trade policy in general, and on China's trade policy in the region in particular.